1) FRACTURE DESCRIPTION (FULL)
PLASTER OF PARIS
- Plane
- Location
- Angulation
- Simple/Communited
- Type
- Extent
- Reason

- Open/Closed
- Foreign Bodies

- disPlacement
- Articular Cartilage Involved
- Rotation
- Impaction
- Shortening


2) FRACTURE DESCRIPTION (SHORT)
DOCTOR
- Displaced / nondisplaced
- Open / closed
- Complete / incomplete
- Transverse / linear
- Open Reduction / closed Reduction


3) TYPES OF FRACTURES
S.O.S CT
- Segmental
- Oblique
- Spiral

- Comminuted
- Transverse


4) STAGES OF FRACTURE HEALING : TIME TAKEN
1
- Stage of Haematoma            :  1   Wk
- Stage of Granulation Tissue   :  1   Mth
- Stage of Callus Formation      :  1-4 Mths
- Stage of Remodelling            :  1-4 Yrs


5) CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME

CAUSES :
MEDIAN TRAP
- Myxoedema
- Edema          ( premenstrually )
- Diabetes
- Idiopathic
- Agromegaly
- Neoplasm
- Trauma
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Amyloidosis
- Pregnancy

TREATMENT :
WRIST
- Wear Splints At Night
- Rest
- Injections     ( Steroids      )
- Surgery        ( Decompression )
- Take Diurectic


6) FOREARM FRACTURES : MONTEGGIA V/S GALEAZZI
- Monteggia : MEDIAL i.e ULNA.
- Galeazzi : Opposite/LATERAL i.e RADIUS


7) KOCHERS MANEOUVRE : ANTERIOR DISLOCATION SHOULDER
TEA-I
- Traction
- External rotation
- Adduction

- Internal rotation


8 ) PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE - SIGN & SYMPTOMS
PANICS
- Pain
- Arthralgia
- Neural deafness/Nerve compression
- Increased bone density
- Cardiac failure
- Skull/Sclerotic vertebrae


9) AMPUTATION : INDICTAIONS
3 D's
- Diseased bone/Dying bone  ( Peripheral Vascular Disease; Infection; Trauma     )
- Dangerous Conditions      ( Lethal Sepsis, Malignant Tumours                   )
- Damn Nuisance             ( Crush Syndrome, Gas Gangrene, Severe Malformations )


10) CTEV/CLUBFOOT : PHYSICAL FINDINGS
CAVE
- Cavus                     ( Increased Longitudinal Arch           )
- Adduction                 ( Forefoot Adducted at Mid-tarsal Joint )
- Varus                     ( Foot Inverted                         )
- Equinus                   ( Foot Fixed In Plantar Flexion         )


11) CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS 

CAUSES :
BAG
- Brodie's abscess
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Garre's osteomyelitis

COMPLICATIONS :
PASS
- Pathological fracture
- Amyloidosis
- Septicaemia
- Squamous cell Ca

TREATMENT :
SAC
- Sequestrectomy + Saucerization
- Agressive Approach - Amputation/Excison of Infected Bone
- Curretage + Continuous suction & Irrigation


12) OSTEOSARCOMA : RISK FACTORS
PRIMARY
- Paget's disease
- Radiation
- Infected bone
- Male
- Adults           ( Alcohol, Poor diet, Sedentary lifestyle- All in  Adults )
- Retinoblastoma
- Young            (                     10-20 Yrs                           )

>>> It is the MOST COMMON PRIMARY MALIGNANT TUMOUR OF BONE <<<


13) ROUND CELL TUMOURS OF BONE
ROME
- Reticulum cell sarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Metastatic Neuroblastoma
- Ewing's sarcoma


14) MONOARTHIRITIS : DIFFERNTIAL DIAGNOSIS
GHOST
- Ghost
- Haemarthrosis
- Osteoarthritis
- Sepsis
- Trauma

15) SACROILIITIS : CAUSES
PUB CAR
- Psoriasis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Behcet's disease
- Crohn's disease
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Reiter's disease


16) SALTER HARRIS FRACTURE CLASSIFICATION
SALTR
- Slipped epiphysis : Type 1
- Above epiphyseal plate : Type 2
- Lower than epihyseal plate : Type 3
- Through both above & below epihyseal plate : Type 4
- Raised epiphysis (as in compression injury : Type 5

>>> Salter Harris Classification Utilises Visualising Long Bone Distal Portion With Diaphysis Superiorly Placed & Epiphysis Inferiorly Placed <<<



17) BRYANT'S TRACTION : POSITION
Bent Y ( from BrYanT's )
- Patient's Body is the Stem of "Y" lying on bed
  &
- Legs are 2 ends of "Y" up in air.


18 )  NONUNION OF BONES : CAUSES
SPLINT is always needed for bones
- Soft tissue interposition
- Position of reduction     ( Too much Traction, Immobilization or Movement )
- Location                  ( E.g Lower 1/3rd of Tibia is slow to heal      )
- Infection
- Nutritional               ( Damaged Vessels / Diseases Bone               )
- Tumour                    ( Pathological Fractures                        )


19) BAD PROGNOSTIC SIGNS DISTAL TO FRACTURE
5 P'S
- Pallor
- Pain
- Pulselessness
- Paraesthesia
- Paralysis


20) GROWING END OF BONE : HOW TO ASSESS
THE DIRECTION OF NUTRIENT ARTERY IS ALWAYS AWAY FROM THE GROWING END OF BONE


21) DIRECTION OF NUTRIENT ARTERY : HOW TO ASSESS
To The Elbow I Go,  From The Knee I Flee 

Thus, GROWING ENDS OF UPPER LIMB are - Upper End  Of Humerus
                                     - Lower Ends of Radius & Ulna
      GROWING ENDS OF UPPER LIMB are - Lower End  of Femur
                                     - Upper Ends of Tibia & Fibula


22) DIAPHYSEAL LESIONS
FEMALE
- Fibrous dysplasia
- Eosinophillic granuloma
- Metastasis
- Adamantinoma
- Leukemia & Lymphoma
- Ewing's sarcoma


23) BONE TUMOURS OF DIAPHYSIS 
A LEMON
- ADMANTINOMA

- LYMPHOMA
- EWING SARCOMA
- MULTIPLE MYELOMA
- OSTEOID OSTEOMA
- NEUROBLASTOMA


24) WEDGE FRACTURES : DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
MINT
- Metabolic                 ( Osteoporosis )
- Infective                 ( Tuberculosis )
- Neoplastic                ( Myeloma      )
- Trauma       


25) OPEN REDUCTION : INDICATIONS
NO CAST
- Non union
- Open Fracture
- Compromise                  ( Neurovascular )
- Articular Fracture
- Salter Harris Type 3,4,5   
- Trauma


26) MAFFUCCI SYNDROME
BOSE
- Brain gliomas              ( Increased Risk)
- Ovarian Ca                 ( Increased Risk)
- Soft tissue hemangiomas
- Enchondromatosis


27) JOINT PAIN : CAUSES
SOFTER TISSUE
- Sepsis
- Osteoarthritis
- Fractures
- Tendon/muscle
- Epiphyseal
- Referred

- Tumour
- Ischaemia
- Seropositive arthritides
- Seronegative arthritides
- Urate deposition
- Extra-articular rheumatism ( E.g polymylagia )



28) LYTIC BONE LESIONS
FOG MACHINES
- Fiborus dysplasia
- Osteoblastoma
- GCT

- Multiple myeloma / mets
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
- Chondroblastoma
- Hyperparathyroidism/hemangioma
- Infections
- NOF
- Eosinophilic granuloma / enchondroma
- Simple bone cyst


29) BACK PAIN : CAUSES
DISK MASS Since near vertebral disc
- Degeneration        ( Osteoporosis, Spondylosis )
- Infection           ( UTI, PID, Potts, Osteomyelitis, Prostatitis, Injury/Fracture, Compression fracture )
- Spondylitis(ankylosing) & Spondyloarthropathies ( Rheum. Arthritis, Reiters, SLE )
- Kidney              ( Stones, Infection-pyelo/abscess, Infarction)

- Multiple Myeloma & Metastasis ( from Breast,Prostate,Lung,Thyroid,Kidney)
- Aneurysm            ( Abdominal pain referred to back )
- Slipped disk & Spondylolisthesis
- Strain  &  Scoliosis/lordosis & Skin (Herpes zoster)

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-5-29 13:16:15编辑过]