精液血液都是体液，但体液不只是精液血液。多那就多贴点信息

Only certain fluids—blood, semen (cum), pre-seminal fluid (pre-cum), rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk—from an HIV-infected person can transmit HIV. These fluids must come in contact with a mucous membrane or damaged tissue or be directly injected into the bloodstream (from a needle or syringe) for transmission to possibly occur. Mucous membranes can be found inside the rectum, the vagina, the opening of the penis, and the mouth.

HIV does not survive long outside the human body (such as on surfaces), and it cannot reproduce. It is not spread by

Air or water.
Insects, including mosquitoes or ticks.
Saliva, tears, or sweat. There is no documented case of HIV being transmitted by spitting.
Casual contact like shaking hands or sharing dishes.
Closed-mouth or “social” kissing
Toilet seats.

In the United States, HIV is spread mainly by

Having sex with someone who has HIV. In general:

Anal sex is the highest-risk sexual behavior. Receptive anal sex (bottoming) is riskier than insertive anal sex (topping).
Vaginal sex is the second highest-risk sexual behavior.
Having multiple sex partners or having other sexually transmitted infections can increase the risk of infection through sex.
Sharing needles, syringes, rinse water, or other equipment (works) used to prepare injection drugs with someone who has HIV.

Less commonly, HIV may be spread by

Being born to an infected mother. HIV can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding.
Being stuck with an HIV-contaminated needle or other sharp object. This is a risk mainly for health care workers.
Receiving blood transfusions, blood products, or organ/tissue transplants that are contaminated with HIV. This risk is extremely small because of rigorous testing of the US blood supply and donated organs and tissues.
Eating food that has been pre-chewed by an HIV-infected person. The contamination occurs when infected blood from a caregiver’s mouth mixes with food while chewing, and is very rare.
Being bitten by a person with HIV. Each of the very small number of documented cases has involved severe trauma with extensive tissue damage and the presence of blood. There is no risk of transmission if the skin is not broken.
Oral sex—using the mouth to stimulate the penis, vagina, or anus (fellatio, cunnilingus, and rimming). Giving fellatio (mouth to penis oral sex) and having the person ejaculate (cum) in your mouth is riskier than other types of oral sex.
Contact between broken skin, wounds, or mucous membranes and HIV-infected blood or blood-contaminated body fluids. These reports have also been extremely rare.
Deep, open-mouth kissing if the person with HIV has sores or bleeding gums and blood is exchanged. HIV is not spread through saliva. Transmission through kissing alone is extremely rare.

What are body fluids? Ebola has been detected in blood and many body fluids. Body fluids include saliva, mucus, vomit, feces, sweat, tears, breast milk, urine, and semen. Can Ebola spread by coughing? By sneezing? Unlike respiratory illnesses like measles or chickenpox, which can be transmitted by virus particles that remain suspended in the air after an infected person coughs or sneezes, Ebola is transmitted by direct contact with body fluids of a person who has symptoms of Ebola disease. Although coughing and sneezing are not common symptoms of Ebola, if a symptomatic patient with Ebola coughs or sneezes on someone, and saliva or mucus come into contact with that person’s eyes, nose or mouth, these fluids may transmit the disease. What does “direct contact” mean? Direct contact means that body fluids (blood, saliva, mucus, vomit, urine, or feces) from an infected person (alive or dead) have touched someone’s eyes, nose, or mouth or an open cut, wound, or abrasion. How long does Ebola live outside the body? Ebola is killed with hospital-grade disinfectants (such as household bleach). Ebola on dried on surfaces such as doorknobs and countertops can survive for several hours; however, virus in body fluids (such as blood) can survive up to several days at room temperature.

概念混了吧，首先缺不等于好，其次好与不好是很主观的认识，再次，国内无名专科的护士并不等于她不是好护士。单从她能在国内没上过本科英语就足够通过考试这件事，你这个朋友就很赞了。

美国缺护士和人口老龄化baby boomer很有关。当时专门有H-1C 签证从国外找护士，比如菲律宾之类的国家。下面这段话说的就是当时的情况。
International [url=http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recruitment]recruitment[/url] is often used to fill the nursing gap but gives rise to concern of late now that the U.S. Homeland Security has stopped the issuance of the H-1C visa, which was deemed specifically for Nurses. Because of the Affordable Care Act, which will result in an increased number of insured Americans, it is estimated that there will be an even greater need for Nurses in the near future.[url=http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_shortage#cite_note-30][30][/url] U.S. trained nurses are concerned, however, that this recruitment initiative impedes on their ability to obtain positions in the field after completing their training.[[url=http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed]citation needed[/url]] A nursing shortage does not translate to new nursing jobs. Any increase in demand will likely increase the nurse patient ratio, risking patient safety.[[url=http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed]citation needed[/url]]