首先我不是律师， 也不熟悉每个州的州法，这些都是之前去local家庭防卫讲座听到的。想要详细了解你所在的州的法律请看

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_doctrine#Current_position

或者也可以看这张图

美国的自卫法主要有三种：

Stand Your Ground: No duty to retreat from the situation before resorting to deadly force; not limited to your home, place of work, etc.

这个是三种中最强的，在必要的情况下，你可以使用枪支等反击方式，避免自身出现伤亡。上图中深绿色的州都是有不退让法的。浅绿色的则是case by case. 但是即使是在这些州，也会有这样那样的限制，并且很多时候是免于刑事诉讼，不免于民事诉讼的。也就是说，你可能需要赔一大笔钱。。。

• At least 27 states have laws providing "that there is no duty to retreat an attacker in any place in which one is lawfully present" (Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa,^[5] Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, and Wyoming.^[6])^[7] Of these, at least ten include "may stand his or her ground" language (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina.)^[7]
• At least 22 states have laws that "provide civil immunity under certain self-defense circumstances" (Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Montana, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wisconsin).^[7] At least 6 states have laws stating that "civil remedies are unaffected by criminal provisions of self-defense law" (Hawaii, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, and Tennessee).^[7]
• The states that have adopted stand-your-ground in practice,^[8] either through case law/precedent, jury instructions or by other means, are California,^[9][10] Colorado,^[11][12] Illinois, New Mexico, Oregon, Virginia,^[13] and Washington.
• States that have adopted stand-your-ground, but limit it to only when a person is within their vehicle, are North Dakota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.

Castle Doctrine: No duty to retreat before using deadly force if you are in your home or yard (some states include a place of work and occupied vehicles)

这个是城堡法。公民在自己家里没有退缩的义务，可以为维护自己的生命、财产进行暴力抵抗。“城堡法”的限度是，只能在“城堡”范围内使用枪械(一般指住房，少数会扩展到院子，独立车库，自用车，乃至合法使用的工作场所，暂住场所等)。入侵者上门看见你掏枪，扭头跑出去了，这时候还开枪打他，就是攻击行为(已经超过必要自卫的限度)。

• The states that have castle doctrine only with the duty to retreat in public are Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, New Jersey, and Rhode Island. This means that people can use deadly force in their home, car, or other form of abode but have to retreat in public.

Duty to Retreat: Duty to retreat from a threatening situation if you can do so with complete safety

这个是撤退法，即使是在自己家，遇到危险也必须优先考虑撤退。在自身安全没有收到绝对威胁的时候，不许使用枪支。

• Vermont and Washington, D.C. require citizens to flee from criminal assailants, even within their own homes.

Vermont和华盛顿特区的网友就不要轻易开枪了。即使你只是受板上众多网友买枪买枪的蛊惑，头脑发热买了把枪，又一时冲动开枪打了入侵者。没有城堡法的保护，你有可能因此被卷入漫长的刑事/民事纠纷中。赔钱不说，万一被判误杀甚至谋杀，那就是好几年的监狱时光哦

最后贴上我们佛罗里达的州法

776.013  Home protection; use or threatened use of deadly force; presumption of fear of death or great bodily harm.—

(1) A person who is in a dwelling or residence in which the person has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and use or threaten to use:

(a) Nondeadly force against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself or herself or another against the other’s imminent use of unlawful force; or

(b) Deadly force if he or she reasonably believes that using or threatening to use such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony.

(2) A person is presumed to have held a reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another when using or threatening to use defensive force that is intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm to another if:

(a) The person against whom the defensive force was used or threatened was in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or had unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle, or if that person had removed or was attempting to remove another against that person’s will from the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle; and

(b) The person who uses or threatens to use defensive force knew or had reason to believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible act was occurring or had occurred.

(3) The presumption set forth in subsection (2) does not apply if:

(a) The person against whom the defensive force is used or threatened has the right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, residence, or vehicle, such as an owner, lessee, or titleholder, and there is not an injunction for protection from domestic violence or a written pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person; or

(b) The person or persons sought to be removed is a child or grandchild, or is otherwise in the lawful custody or under the lawful guardianship of, the person against whom the defensive force is used or threatened; or

(c) The person who uses or threatens to use defensive force is engaged in a criminal activity or is using the dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle to further a criminal activity; or

(d) The person against whom the defensive force is used or threatened is a law enforcement officer, as defined in s. 943.10(14), who enters or attempts to enter a dwelling, residence, or vehicle in the performance of his or her official duties and the officer identified himself or herself in accordance with any applicable law or the person using or threatening to use force knew or reasonably should have known that the person entering or attempting to enter was a law enforcement officer.

(4) A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to enter a person’s dwelling, residence, or occupied vehicle is presumed to be doing so with the intent to commit an unlawful act involving force or violence.

(5) As used in this section, the term:

(a) “Dwelling” means a building or conveyance of any kind, including any attached porch, whether the building or conveyance is temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over it, including a tent, and is designed to be occupied by people lodging therein at night.

(b) “Residence” means a dwelling in which a person resides either temporarily or permanently or is visiting as an invited guest.

(c) “Vehicle” means a conveyance of any kind, whether or not motorized, which is designed to transport people or property.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2005-27; s. 4, ch. 2014-195; s. 1, ch. 2017-77.

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